A republic was established in its place, though the country eventually came under the control of military leader Napoléon Bonaparte, who declared himself emperor and whose tyrannical and imperialist rule was in many ways not unlike the monarchy that had recently been deposed.
The monarchy had only recently been removed from power during the French Revolution, in the final years of the eighteenth century. A meticulous craftsman, he aimed to achieve a prose style “as rhythmical as verse and as precise as the language of science.” Works in Biographical and Historical ContextĪ Tumultuous Century in French History France during the nineteenth century was a place of frequent political turmoil and intrigue. Flaubert struggled throughout his career to overcome a romantic tendency toward fantastic imaginings and love of the exotic past. Although his strict objectivity is often associated with the realist and naturalist movements, he objected to this classification, and his artistry indeed defies such easy categorization. The most influential French novelist of the nineteenth century, Flaubert is remembered primarily for the stylistic precision and dispassionate rendering of psychological detail found in his masterpiece, Madame Bovary (1857).
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